Collection
The Lead Up To Civil War
6 items
The Irreconcilable Mr. De Valera
This footage shot on March 1922 shows Éamon de Valera standing on a podium giving an animatedly irate speech to a large gathering of people on Sackville street in Dublin (O’Connell Street). In this speech he said if the Treaty was accepted, it might be necessary to “wade through Irish blood” to achieve Irish freedom. Many of de Valera’s enemies stated this would encourage Civil War. The Irish Civil War started on June 28th that year and ended May 1923 when the pro-treaty Free State forces beat the anti-Treaty IRA. The Treaty, which would replace the Republic as a dominion of the British Commonwealth, was signed on December 6th. De Valera was not happy with the signing of it as he had stipulated that regardless of the outcome the delegates should not be pressured into any agreements and should return to consult with the cabinet and him, their President. After the Treaty was narrowly ratified, de Valera and a large majority of Sinn Féin T.D.s left Dáil Éireann and Arthur Griffith was elected President.
For the Treaty
Filmed in February 1922: this footage shows Seán Milroy addressing a large crowd of people in front of the Town Hall in Cootehill, Cavan. Milroy was an Irish Revolutionary and politician who actively took part in the 1916 Rising, served in the second Dáil during the War of Independence, and in the Senate of the Irish Free State. In this clip he is insisting that as a Pro-Treaty candidate he too wants to see a united Ireland and that the division had already been decided by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, long before the Peace Treaty talks. He believed that the Treaty would allow the six counties of Northern Ireland to be united with the rest of Ireland over time.
Fighting Speech
This now famous piece of footage, shows Michael Collins addressing the Anglo-Irish Treaty to a huge crowd gathered outside College Green, March 1922. Michael Collins described the Treaty as “the freedom to achieve freedom”. In practice, the Treaty offered most of the symbols and powers of independence. These included a functioning, if disputed, parliamentary democracy with its own executive, judiciary and written constitution which could be changed by the Oireachtas. Although a republic was not an option at the time, the Treaty still afforded Ireland more internal independence than it had possessed in over 400 years, and far exceeded the most optimistic goals of the Home Rule movement.
The Great Cork Treaty
This newsreel records Michael Collins addresses an audience gathered at the Grand Parade in Cork City, praising the Anglo-Irish Treaty, and receiving an enthusiastic reception. It’s not too long before the crowd is seen surging backwards as several men begin to fire their guns in the crowd. Michael Collins described the Treaty as “the freedom to achieve freedom”. In practice,, the Treaty offered most of the symbols and powers of independence. These included a functioning, if disputed, parliamentary democracy with its own executive, judiciary and written constitution which could be changed by the Oireachtas. Although a Republic was not an option at the time, the Treaty still afforded Ireland more internal independence than it had possessed in over 400 years, and far exceeded the most optimistic goals of the Home Rule movement.
Dublin Coalition Campaign
June 1922 and both pro and anti-Treaty members are addressing a crowd of people and handing out leaflets, on what appears to be Townsend Street, Dublin, encouraging them to support and vote for a coalition government in the coming elections. Following the Battle of the Four Courts by anti-Treaty Republicans, Éamon de Valera and Michael Collins agreed that the up and coming elections should be fought together by the pro and anti-Treaty forces by forming a coalition government. On June 16th 1922 the Anglo-Irish Treaty was approved by the Irish people by a vote of 73% but the anti-Treaty forces reneged on their promise and the coalition was not formed.